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| | #21 (permalink) (top) | ||
| Chocoholic Posts: 915 | Quote:
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As for citing proof, I'm not one to really get into all that. I find it bothersome on my part to do your research for you.[/quote]That sounds mighty un-moderator-like considering the first guideline of Volconvo Etiquette. I'm asking for a pointer, not a dissertation.<!--QuoteBegin-Suburbanite You have to be careful with most “studies” on controversial issues because they seek to prove their hypothesis not disprove it.[/quote]Yeah. Well, how 'bout I just provide the citations for review and let people decide for themselves, shall we? Behav Genet 2000 Jul;30(4):345-56 Measurement models for sexual orientation in a community twin sample. Kirk KM, Bailey JM, Dunne MP, Martin NG. Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Joint Genetics Program, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. kathE@qimr.edu.au Multivariate structural equation modeling techniques have been applied to examine the causes of individual differences in responses to several items concerning sexual orientation. To minimize potential ascertainment and response biases, the study sample involved a large (N = 4901) community-based cohort of Australian twins aged 18-52 who answered an anonymous questionnaire on sexual behavior and attitudes. The statistical power of the analysis was increased by the availability of multiple measures of sexual orientation (behaviors, attitudes and feelings), providing stronger evidence for the existence of additive genetic influences on this phenotype than in a previous analysis (Bailey et al., 2000). Estimates of the heritability of homosexuality in this sample ranged between 50 and 60% in females but were significantly lower (heritability of approximately 30%) in males. PMID: 11206089 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -- Am J Psychiatry 2000 Nov;157(11):1843-6 Sexual orientation in a U.S. national sample of twin and nontwin sibling pairs. Kendler KS, Thornton LM, Gilman SE, Kessler RC. Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0126, USA. OBJECTIVE: Although previous studies have suggested that sexual orientation is influenced by familial factors, which may be partly genetic, these studies have relied on unrepresentative and potentially biased samples. The authors attempted to estimate the role of genetic and environmental factors in the determination of sexual orientation in a more representative sample. METHOD: Sexual orientation was assessed by a single item on a self-report questionnaire in a U.S. national sample of twin and nontwin sibling pairs. Sexual orientation was classified as heterosexual or nonheterosexual (bisexual or homosexual). The authors compared the similarity of sexual orientation in the monozygotic twins to the similarity in the same-sex dizygotic twins, all dizygotic twins, the same-sex dizygotic twins and sibling pairs, and all dizygotic twins and sibling pairs. Biometrical twin analyses were performed. RESULTS: All analyses demonstrated familial resemblance for sexual orientation. Resemblance was greater in the monozygotic twins than in the dizygotic twins or in the dizygotic twins plus nontwin siblings. Biometrical twin modeling suggested that sexual orientation was substantially influenced by genetic factors, but family environment may also play a role. No evidence was found for a violation of the equal-environment assumption regarding monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. CONCLUSIONS: Familial factors, which are at least partly genetic, influence sexual orientation. The results of these analyses should be interpreted in the context of low statistical power and the use of a single item to assess the complex phenotype of sexual orientation. PMID: 11058483 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -- Orv Hetil 1998 Feb 1;139(5):247-9 [Genetic evaluation of male homosexuality]. [Article in Hungarian] Gasztonyi Z. OKI, Humangenetikai es Teratologai Osztaly, WHO Orokletes Artalmak Tarsadalmi Megelozese Egyuttmukodesi Kozpont, Budapest. The family trees of 16 homosexual males are evaluated in the material of their Genetic Counselling Clinic. The familial cluster of three cases corresponded to the X-linked recessive inheritance. The results of family, twin and adoption studies are reviewed and the recent findings of molecular genetic and brain researches are summarised. Male homosexuality comprises of different subgroups, but one major entity is caused by X-linked recessive gene(s). This genetic background represent a predisposition which is triggered or suppressed by external factors. PMID: 9489379 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -- J Homosex 1995;28(1-2):91-113 A critique of the possibility of genetic inheritance of homosexual orientation. Haynes JD. State University of New York, College at Buffalo 14222, USA. Many workers in human sexuality have tried to discover causes of sexual orientation. No one theory has proved to be satisfactory. Studies of monozygotic and dizygotic twins, some of whom have been reared separately and some together, suggest that there may be an inherited component of homosexuality. Other studies, particularly those concerned with the evolution of human sexuality, question such a possibility. A further question arises because a large part of the human population is neither exclusively homosexual nor exclusively heterosexual. This paper will examine the evidence for genetic inheritance presented by twin and family studies. It will explore ways in which a gene favoring a homosexual orientation but not reproduction could continue to exist in a population. The importance of defining terms that refer to sexual orientation will be discussed in the context of determining exactly what may be inherited. Finally, the effects of accepting genetic inheritance as the cause of sexual orientation will be discussed. PMID: 7560926 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -- Arch Sex Behav 1993 Jun;22(3):187-206 Homosexual orientation in twins: a report on 61 pairs and three triplet sets. Whitam FL, Diamond M, Martin J. Department of Sociology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-2101. Twin pairs in which at least one twin is homosexual were solicited through announcements in the gay press and personal referrals from 1980 to the present. An 18-page questionnaire on the "sexuality of twins" was filled out by one or both twins. Thirty-eight pairs of monozygotic twins (34 male pairs and 4 female pairs) were found to have a concordance rate of 65.8% for homosexual orientation. Twenty-three pairs of dizygotic twins were found to have a concordance rate of 30.4% for homosexual orientation. In addition, three sets of triplets were obtained. Two sets contained a pair of monozygotic twins concordant for sexual orientation with the third triplet dizygotic and discordant for homosexual orientation. A third triplet set was monozygotic with all three concordant for homosexual orientation. These findings are interpreted as supporting the argument for a biological basis in sexual orientation. PMID: 8494487 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -- Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993 Mar;50(3):217-23 Heritable factors influence sexual orientation in women. Bailey JM, Pillard RC, Neale MC, Agyei Y. Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill 60208. Homosexual female probands with monozygotic cotwins, dizygotic cotwins, or adoptive sisters were recruited using homophile publications. Sexual orientation of relatives was assessed either by asking relatives directly, or, when this was impossible, by asking the probands. Of the relatives whose sexual orientation could be confidently rated, 34 (48%) of 71 monozygotic cotwins, six (16%) of 37 dizygotic cotwins, and two (6%) of 35 adoptive sisters were homosexual. Probands also reported 10 (14%) nontwin biologic sisters to be homosexual, although those sisters were not contacted to confirm their orientations. Heritabilities were significant using a wide range of assumptions about both the base rate of homosexuality in the population and ascertainment bias. The likelihood that a monozygotic cotwin would also be homosexual was unrelated to measured characteristics of the proband such as self-reported history of childhood gender nonconformity. Concordant monozygotic twins reported similar levels of childhood gender nonconformity. PMID: 8439243 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -- Br J Psychiatry 1992 Mar;160:407-9 Homosexuals who are twins. A study of 46 probands. King M, McDonald E. Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London. Forty-six homosexual men and women who were twins took part in a study of their sexuality and that of their co-twin. Discordance for sexual orientation in the monozygotic pairs confirmed that genetic factors are insufficient explanation of the development of sexual orientation. There was a high level of shared knowledge of sexual orientation between members of twin pairs, and a relatively high likelihood of sexual relations occurring with same sex co-twins at some time, particularly in monozygotic pairs. The implications of these results for the study of the origins of sexual orientation and for twin research are discussed. PMID: 1562871 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -- Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991 Dec;48(12):1089-96 Comment in Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993 Mar;50(3):240-1 A genetic study of male sexual orientation. Bailey JM, Pillard RC. Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill 60208. Homosexual male probands with monozygotic cotwins, dizygotic cotwins, or adoptive brothers were recruited using homophile publications. Sexual orientation of relatives was assessed either by asking relatives directly, or when this was impossible, asking the probands. Of the relatives whose sexual orientation could be rated, 52% (29/56) of monozygotic cotwins, 22% (12/54) of dizygotic cotwins, and 11% (6/57) of adoptive brothers were homosexual. Heritabilities were substantial under a wide range of assumptions about the population base rate of homosexuality and ascertainment bias. However, the rate of homosexuality among nontwin biological siblings, as reported by probands, 9.2% (13/142), was significantly lower than would be predicted by a simple genetic hypothesis and other published reports. A proband's self-reported history of childhood gender non-conformity did not predict homosexuality in relatives in any of the three subsamples. Thus, childhood gender nonconformity does not appear to be an indicator of genetic loading for homosexuality. Cotwins from concordant monozygotic pairs were very similar for childhood gender nonconformity. PMID: 1845227 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -- Behav Genet 1991 Jan;21(1):75-96 Sexual orientation, sexual identity, and sex-dimorphic behaviors in male twins. Buhrich N, Bailey JM, Martin NG. Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Sexual orientation, sexual identity, and sex-dimorphic behaviors were assessed concurrently and retrospectively, for childhood, in 95 pairs of male monozygotic (MZ) twins and 63 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins. There was a significantly higher rate of adult homosexuality among the MZ than among DZ twins. We employed a model-fitting approach using LISREL to test for genetic and environmental influences on variation for each trait singly and on the covariation among all six traits (three for childhood and three for adulthood). Univariate analyses confirmed the presence of familial factors for five of the six variables but were generally unable to distinguish shared environmental from genetic influences. Hierarchical tests of multivariate models supported the existence of an additive genetic factor contributing to the covariance among the variables. More restrictive multivariate models yielded a significant genetic influence on sexual orientation. Because of the different rates of orientation by zygosity and because of the restrictive nature of some of the multivariate models, our results are best considered tentative but do suggest that further biometrically oriented studies of sexual orientation and its correlates would be worthwhile. PMID: 2018464 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] -- | ||
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| | #22 (permalink) (top) |
| Molten Ash Posts: 35 | Again, REALITY is whats between your legs. The rest is just your fantasy. Just another notch for the destructors of our society. I'd hate to be fool enough to become politically and socially correct about the issue. Try thinking on your own for a change. The equation is functionally imperfect. Psychology is not a science, I dumped it as a major when I discovered that. It can never be a science because it leaves out a major factor, our spiritual being. It tries to measure the Ego. the very creator of fantasy and deception. It has not progressed to the point it can differentiate between Ego and Egolessness. The difference between whats fantasy and reality. Capt Lee |
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| | #23 (permalink) (top) |
| BANNED Location: Los Angeles Posts: 3,203 | “If what is heard and read about many gays, even the ones who are in a committed relationship, at least one of a couple often finds it advantageous to seek out other partners, sometimes many other partners to release their sexual needs, so I suppose it's understandable that a gay who believes he is enjoying sex, would not want to be told he can be cured because there really isn't any genetic condition that made him gay. He wants to continue doing what he's doing because he likes his choices.” “Curing” a homosexual is not only an insulting term but nearly an impossibility. It is at the core of their psyche. It would be as hard as convincing a Black person he isn’t black. Secondly, it isn’t a disease; it is a human reaction to horrific events. The problem, and this is important, is not that THEY ARE HOMOSEXUALS but what caused them to be homosexuals. There existence as people in no way threatens the world or corrupts society because of their sexual preference. The problem is the hard-to-except idea that Homosexuality doesn’t come from a land of flowers and chocolate but one of molestation, rape, incest, child abuse, etc. As for the promiscuity of homosexuals it seems simple to me. As a man, and I think most men have thought this, “If I was a woman, I’d be fucking all the time.” Well, put two men together who are looking for other men and you have that scenario played out. “How about twins that were raised in separate households from birth? There's a popular notion that twins won't develop independent personalities if they are raised together, so parents separated them.” Someone would have to point me in the direction of a study on separated homosexual twins then. ” Gay men have been donating semen to lesbians for over 20 years. The incidence of homosexuality amongst the children born from such a situation is no higher than the remaining population. Besides that, short, brown-haired, brown-eyed heterosexuals give birth to offspring that grow up to be tall, blonde-haired, and blue-eyed with amazing frequency.” Doesn’t that prove my point? If two homosexuals produce a child and it were genetic, those children would have a much larger “chance” of being homosexual. So it clearly isn’t genetic from this alone. I loved the study about the Identical twins though. It is really simple. If homosexuality is mental then two people with nearly identical genetic minds born and raised in nearly the same situation will very likely react to it the same way. Homosexuality isn’t inevitable in situations of rape or molestation of a child, but it is a product of it. I will reply to more when I get back home today, Mia, just wait, I’ll even reply to you ![]() |
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| | #24 (permalink) (top) | |||
| Chocoholic Posts: 915 | Continuing... Quote:
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Oh, right, and bisexuals. Well, the gender line isn’t too distinct, not very dichotomous so to speak. Bisexuals don’t exist, because bisexuality is in reality a scale.[/quote]Actually, current theory still holds that sexuality, in general, is measured across several scales.<!--QuoteBegin-Suburbanite There are women who have sex or make out with other women because it turns on men, you see that stuff at parties a lot, but it is all to arouse men, not each other. Then there are “true” bisexuals, who are just homosexuals who can still appreciate heterosexual sex. If human being are naturally, and by nature I mean its most societal-less form, heterosexual then people who are products of sexual or physical abuse can still retain their initial attraction to the same sex. Sexuality is really just mental, so a lot of things can influence it. I am sure peer pressure could cause a heterosexual to engage in homosexual sex much as homosexuals have often engaged in heterosexual sex due to enormous social pressure.[/quote]While there may be some truth to this portion of your theory, I suspect the actual prevalence of the behavior you describe is very small, perhaps less than 2% of all persons engaging in same-sex sexual activity. Now, let me explain my theory. Homosexuality has persisted for thousands of years because there's a payoff. It is an evolutionary adaptation that has improved species survival. Let's look at characteristic differences between males and females: Males: Aggressive. Primary breadwinner. Resists domestication. Absent father. Half-brain thinker. High incidence of infidelity and psychopathology compared to female. Females: Nurturer. Childbearer. Caretaker. Nest-builder. Enforces domestication. Controls access to sexual gratification. Whole-brain thinker. High incidence of depression and anxiety due to sex hormones and oppressive environment. Outcome: Stress from disharmony, socioeconomic and environmental factors adversely affect male sperm motility and female ovulation. Hormones present during fetal development makedly different as the number of offspring from the same female increases. Evolutionary soution: Create a less aggressive, more compliant, more creative male exhibiting positive female traits without the biological imperative to reproduce, coded specifically to aid and support heterosexual reporoduction. Result: Caretaker. Purser. Servant. Hairdresser. Teacher. Doctor. Nurse. Scientist. Humanist. Socially adept climber. Interior Decorator. Leader. Renaissance Man. Homosexual male. | |||
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| Chocoholic Posts: 915 | Quote:
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| | #27 (permalink) (top) |
| Retired Posts: 7,312 | hetrosexuality and homosexuality does in fact run on a scale. Everyone falls somewhere in the range, you may be 99% hetero, but no one is 100%. Homophobes will flip out over that but that's what you will learn if you study human sexuality. "...with like-minded people one cannot discuss. With like-minded people one can only participate in a church service, and you know how I feel about church services." Ayaan Hirsi Ali |
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| Igneous Magma Posts: 374 | Quote:
Also I' not sure if any mentioned this but my psyche textbook repeatedly says that there's a definite link between embryological hormone differences and homosexuality but no genetic or environmental link. When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, militarism and economic exploitation are incapable of being conquered Martin Luther King Jr. | |
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| | #29 (permalink) (top) | ||
| Chocoholic Posts: 915 | Quote:
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Doesn’t that prove my point? If two homosexuals produce a child and it were genetic, those children would have a much larger “chance” of being homosexual. So it clearly isn’t genetic from this alone.[/quote]No one in this thread said the cause for homosexuality was entirely genetic.<!--QuoteBegin-Suburbanite I loved the study about the Identical twins though. It is really simple. If homosexuality is mental then two people with nearly identical genetic minds born and raised in nearly the same situation will very likely react to it the same way.[/quote]The separated twins data easily debunks that premise. :) | ||
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| | #30 (permalink) (top) |
| Retired Posts: 7,312 | Yes, separted twins, Sub. That's what they use for genetic studies. Believe it or not, they realize the "nurture" part and control for it. So how do you account for that? "...with like-minded people one cannot discuss. With like-minded people one can only participate in a church service, and you know how I feel about church services." Ayaan Hirsi Ali |
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| | #31 (permalink) (top) | |
| Chocoholic Posts: 915 | Quote:
Is homophobia associated with homosexual arousal? by Adams, Henry E.; Wright, Lester W.; Lohr, Bethany A. from Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1996 Aug Vol 105(3) 440-445 The authors investigated the role of homosexual arousal in exclusively heterosexual men who admitted negative affect toward homosexual individuals. Participants consisted of a group of homophobic men (n = 35) and a group of nonhomophobic men (n = 29); they were assigned to groups on the basis of their scores on the Index of Homophobia (W. W. Hudson & W. A. Ricketts, 1980). The men were exposed to sexually explicit erotic stimuli consisting of heterosexual, male homosexual, and lesbian videotapes, and changes in penile circumference were monitored. They also completed an Aggression Questionnaire (A. H. Buss & M. Perry, 1992). Both groups exhibited increases in penile circumference to the heterosexual and female homosexual videos. Only the homophobic men showed an increase in penile erection to male homosexual stimuli. The groups did not differ in aggression. Homophobia is apparently associated with homosexual arousal that the homophobic individual is either unaware of or denies. (PsycINFO Database Record © 2002 APA, all rights reserved) For as long as the link works, you can find the abstract at the APA's online site. Just click on the link and scroll down to item 14. You can also find the abstract at PubMed/Entrez.<!--QuoteBegin-Catch 22 Also I' not sure if any mentioned this but my psyche textbook repeatedly says that there's a definite link between embryological hormone differences and homosexuality but no genetic or environmental link.[/quote]Perhaps you mean to say there are no proven links found at the time the text was written. It is my understanding that two universities recently attempted to launch projects to investigate, but government funding for their medical research projects was suddenly called into question. Apparently the Bush administration felt they shouldn't fund projects at universities whose reputation is at stake for pursuing projects with the word "homosexuality" in the project's objective. Unless "cure" is in the project objective, too. | |
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| | #33 (permalink) (top) |
| Igneous Magma Posts: 374 | italiangm- Thanks for the article now we have proof that pat robertson could actually be gay. As far as can remember a researcher found out that while in the womb there seemed to be differneces in hormone concentrations for hetero and homo children. Damnit I wish I still had the book with me. When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, militarism and economic exploitation are incapable of being conquered Martin Luther King Jr. |
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| | #34 (permalink) (top) | |
| Chocoholic Posts: 915 | Quote:
As far as can remember a researcher found out that while in the womb there seemed to be differneces in hormone concentrations for hetero and homo children. Damnit I wish I still had the book with me.[/quote]Well, the study might've been published in a journal. If so, why not try a search at PubMed's site at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.f...d&itool=toolbar. Plug all of the following keywords (fetal hormone homosexual) into the seach engine with a space between each word and see what pops up! Good luck! :) | |
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| BANNED Location: Los Angeles Posts: 3,203 | Quote:
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| | #36 (permalink) (top) |
| BANNED Location: Los Angeles Posts: 3,203 | Some Statistics showing the relationships between Homosexuality and Violence: I’m really not too into doing research for other people when the information is available, but I guess I can do it for ya’ll A 1988 study published in the Journal of the National Medical Association found that 58% of boys who had been sexually abused described themselves as homosexual or bisexual. Ninety percent of boys who had not been molested described themselves as heterosexuals. Clear, same-sex child molestation helps create homosexuals who then molest others.) A 1994 study of 113 lesbians indicated that 41% of them had been physically abused in a same-sex relationship. The L.A. Gay and Lesbian Center reported in 1998 that approximately 25% to 33% of all homosexual relationships involve abuse. Uggg, I am tired, I’ll post more tomorrow. A lot of other statistics are more round-about. Things like Homosexuals being more likely to molest children, and child molester’s high rates of being molested themselves as children. But I’ll get into it more when I get the chance. |
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| | #37 (permalink) (top) | |
| Igneous Magma Posts: 156 | Quote:
NASA scientists spent a decade and $12 billion developing a pen that writes in zero gravity, upside down, underwater, on almost any surface including glass and at temperatures ranging from below freezing to over 300 C. The Russians used a pencil. | |
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| | #38 (permalink) (top) | ||
| Igneous Magma Posts: 374 | Quote:
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Thanks I sure will, on another note I also recall a study looking at the effects of maternal stress during pregnancy and homosexuality. Apparently two studies found a substantive correlation between stressed mothers(raped ,divorced, attacked, under pressure etc) and homosexual children. When machines and computers, profit motives and property rights are considered more important than people, the giant triplets of racism, militarism and economic exploitation are incapable of being conquered Martin Luther King Jr. | ||
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| | #39 (permalink) (top) |
| No, not really Posts: 21 | IMHO, the problem is not with the gays, the problem is with heterosexuals who look upon gays as less than human; another species, something "different". Don't you think they look at us as a little "different" too? Maybe they are disgusted with seeing heterosexual sex acts. It's all in the eyes of the beholder. OT: homosexuality is a natural condition, all animals are capable of performing gay acts.......ever see a male dog mount another male dog, for example? Horses that are uninterested in breeding fillies are gelded because they are useless as breeding stock. "See, in my line of work you got to keep repeating things over and over and over again for the truth to sink in, to kind of catapult the propaganda." —Greece, N.Y., May 24, 2005 |
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| | #40 (permalink) (top) | |
| Chocoholic Posts: 915 | Quote:
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