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You sort of misunderstand Plato.
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I'm not writing a dissertation, but that Plato presupposes there exists a transcendant world 'above' the physical from which the particulars of our universe derive is a standard feature of his mid-way philosophy (if not mid-way and beyond). If I misunderstand anything, then it must be a 'New Plato' interpretation.
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We are not sure whether the brain constitutes the mind. Your argument, I am sure, is that a person missing parts of their brain have decreased mental capacity. However, it could also be thought that the brain is the place that the mind and body connect (some what like Descartes postulated but with more sophistication). When part of the brain is missing the mind losses control of the body. I am not personally a dualist but it is a thought.
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The reason a chair breaks and a wall is dented when Person A smashes a chair against a wall is because the physical relation between the objects allows them to communicate with one another, informing each other what to do (break, be dented). There is a science studying this and other similar phenomenon. It is called physics. How does a non-physical substance communicate with the brain, informing it what to do? That is an objection against dualism.
It can be argued Descartes' process is still possible under monism (if we assume the mind is also physical, existing in another universe or an imperceptible dimension of this one), but since reality is more effectively explained without that unnecessary stipulation, there is no reason in thinking along those lines.